Les Lumières vertes

AOC media - Analyse Opinion Critique — 2026-02-15

Jouons alors le jeu de la comparaison. On peut opposer à ces « Lumières sombres » des « Lumières vertes » qui se sont formées dans le monde anglophone au cours des cinquante dernières années. Celles-ci proposent d'étendre la démocratie des humains vers l'ensemble des vivants pour nous préparer aux menaces environnementales à venir. Ces Lumières et contre-Lumières ont entre elles des rapports de rivalité : à preuve, le terme « woke » employé par les néo-réactionnaires contre ces universitaires au motif qu'ils et elles condamnent le

Les Lumières sombres

Gallimard — 2026-01-22

Au cours des années 2010 et 2020, aux États-Unis, une nouvelle contre-culture de droite radicale s'est développée sur internet. Ses figures centrales, comme Curtis Yarvin ou Nick Land, écrivent le plus souvent sous pseudonymes, sur des blogs et sur les réseaux sociaux. Ils ont donné à ce mouvement son nom, la « néoréaction », ou encore les « Lumières sombres ». Les idées qu'ils défendent sont à la fois anciennes et hypermodernes : détruire la démocratie, établir une monarchie, diriger l'État comme une entreprise, rétablir les inégalités entre hommes et femmes, affirmer les différences entre patrimoines génétiques… D'abord marginaux, ils ont peu à peu obtenu le soutien de certains milliardaires de la Silicon Valley, et leur audience n'a cessé de s'élargir depuis.

Section : Introduction

The Dark Enlightenment, also called the Neo-Reactionary movement (abbreviated to NRx), is an anti-democratic, anti-egalitarian, and reactionary philosophical and political movement. It can be understood as a reaction against values and ideologies associated with Enlightenment, advocating for a return to traditional societal constructs and forms of government, such as absolute monarchism and cameralism. The movement promotes the establishment of authoritarian capitalist city-states that compete for citizens.

Section : Introduction

Peter Andreas Thiel ( ; born 11 October 1967) is a German and American entrepreneur, venture capitalist, and conservative political activist. A co-founder of PayPal (1998), Palantir Technologies (2003), and Founders Fund (2005), he was also the first outside investor in Facebook (2004). According to The New York Times, as of December 2025, Thiel's estimated net worth stood at US$27.5 billion, placing him among the 100 richest individuals in the world. Thiel has been described as "perhaps America's leading public intellectual today" or an "intellectual architect of Silicon Valley's contemporary ethos". Others debate the consistency or morality of his views. Variously described as a conservative libertarian and democracy-skeptic authoritarian, Thiel has made substantial donations to American right-wing figures and causes.

Section : Concepts

Land later contributed to the Dark Enlightenment—also known as the neo-reactionary movement (NRx)—which opposes egalitarianism and democracy. According to reporter Dylan Matthews, Land believes democracy restricts accountability and freedom. His Dark Enlightenment work also contributes to his accelerationism; he views democratic and egalitarian policies as only delaying acceleration and the technocapital singularity. Thus, he prefers capitalist monarchies to pursue long-term technological progress, as he believes democracy focuses on short-term public interests. Shuja Haider notes, "His sequence of essays setting out its principles [has] become the foundation of the NRx canon."

Section : Accelerationism (introduction)

Land and the CCRU drew upon contemporary media and culture such as cyberpunk and jungle music to further develop these ideas in a right-wing, pro-capitalist manner. They theorized a self-revolutionizing capitalism that would culminate in a technological singularity, resulting in artificial intelligence surpassing and eliminating humanity, though they drifted from these ideas and dissolved by the 2000s. In the 2010s, the movement was termed accelerationism by Benjamin Noys in a critical work, followed by a renewed interest in its ideas. Land, having moved to China, also engaged with the Dark Enlightenment movement as part of his right-wing accelerationism, rejecting egalitarianism and democracy in favor of CEO-run states to promote the singularity.

Curtis Yarvin, la néoréaction au cœur du projet trumpiste

Cevipof

Afin de régler le problème, Yarvin propose d'en finir avec l'idée démocratique et de restructurer le gouvernement sur le mode d'une entreprise souveraine (une SovCorp) dont la direction serait confiée à un PDG. Celui-ci prendrait les décisions gouvernementales les plus efficaces pour assurer la prospérité de l'État. Et si vous n'êtes pas satisfaits du service que propose ce gouvernement, vous n'avez qu'à vous en trouver un autre. Pour Yarvin, cette réponse formaliste revient tout simplement à rétablir la monarchie absolue. En ce sens, il se déclare « royaliste », ou « restaurationniste », et considère que le PDG du gouvernement-entreprise n'est rien d'autre qu'un monarque.

La droite tech contre la démocratie : comment la Silicon Valley s'est radicalisée

Mediapart — 2024-03-17

La Silicon Valley a longtemps bénéficié d'une aura hippie, cool, libertaire, qui collait à l'image d'une industrie de « start-up montées dans un garage » par de jeunes hommes ingénieux. Ils sont devenus multimilliardaires, leurs inventions changent le monde. Mark Zuckerberg a eu 40 ans, les autres ont entamé la cinquantaine. Leurs projets sont toujours plus grandiloquents, ils s'impliquent en politique, et certains se sont radicalisés sous nos yeux.

Section : Biography

After spending more than twenty years (1982–2006) at the Centre de sociologie de l'innovation at the École des Mines in Paris, Latour moved in 2006 to Sciences Po, where he was the first occupant of a chair named for Gabriel Tarde. In recent years, he also served as one of the curators of successful art exhibitions at the Zentrum für Kunst und Medientechnologie in Karlsruhe, Germany, including "Iconoclash" (2002) and "Making Things Public" (2005).

Critical Zones. The Science and Politics of Landing on Earth

www.bruno-latour.fr

You want me to land on Earth? Why? — Because you're hanging in midair, headed for a crash. — How is it down there? — Pretty tense. — A war zone? — Close: a Critical Zone, a few kilometers thick, where everything happens. — Is it habitable? — Depends on your chosen science. — Will I survive down there? — Depends on your politics. As everybody learned at school, when the position of the Earth in the cosmos is modified, a revolution in social order might ensue. Remember Galileo: when astronomers made the Earth move around the sun, the whole fabric of society felt under attack. Today, again, four centuries later, the role and the position of the Earth is being revolutionized by new disciplines: it appears that human behavior has pushed the Earth to react in unexpected ways. And once again, the whole organization of society is being subverted.

Section : Overview

The Gaia hypothesis argues that organisms co-evolve with their environment. That is, organisms influence the abiotic, not just the biological environment, and in co-development the abiotic environment influences biota via some sort of a Darwinian process, which may indicate an evolution of a collaborative reciprocal evolving life habitat. In 1995, Lovelock gave evidence of this biotic-abiotic relationship in his second iteration of his conjecture within the book Ages of Gaia. This theory states the evolution from the world of the early warm-loving bacteria and methanogenic bacteria towards the oxygen-enriched extant atmosphere, that is, today's atmosphere, which we know is the Holocene and this is a supportive environment of more complex life than primordial times.

Section : Contexte introductif

Anthropocene is a term that has been used to refer to the period of time during which humanity has become a planetary force of change. It appears in scientific and social discourse, especially with respect to accelerating geophysical and biochemical changes that characterize the 20th and 21st centuries on Earth. Originally a proposal for a new geological epoch following the Holocene, it was rejected as such in 2024 by the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) and the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS). The term has been used in sophisticated research relating to Earth's water and salt, geology, geomorphology, landscape, limnology, hydrology, ecosystems and climate. The effects of human activities on Earth can be seen, for example, in regards to biodiversity loss, and climate change.